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A-Z of Medical Terms
Medical Terms Glossary

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medical terminology

Browse the A-Z glossary of medical terminology, complete with definitions, pronunciations and the meaning of each medical term broken down in layman's terms. Learn the terms, become a pro in conversation.
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A

  • Anemia

    Anemia is a medical condition characterized by a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin.

A

  • Arthritis

    Arthritis is inflammation of one or more joints causing pain and stiffness.

A

  • Asthma

    Asthma is a chronic disease that inflames and narrows the airways in the lungs.

A

  • Autism

    Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and repetitive patterns of behaviour.

B

  • Bacteria

    Minuscule, single-celled organisms that can exist independently or as parasites.

B

  • Biopsy

    A biopsy is a medical procedure where a small piece of tissue or cells are removed for testing in a lab.

B

  • Blood Pressure

    Blood pressure refers to the force of blood against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps.

B

  • Bronchitis

    Bronchitis is inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes in the lungs.

C

  • CT Scan

    A CT Scan or Computed Tomography Scan is a medical imaging process that uses X-ray technology for internal body examination.

C

  • Cancer

    Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth.

C

  • Cardiology

    Cardiology is the medical specialty focused on diagnosing and treating heart diseases.

C

  • Cholesterol

    Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in the body and in animal-based foods.

C

  • Chronic

    Chronic relates to illnesses or medical conditions that persist over a long period.

C

  • Cirrhosis

    Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by various liver diseases and conditions.

C

  • Coagulation

    The process in which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a clot.

C

  • Coronary Artery

    The coronary arteries are the two main blood vessels supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart.

C

  • Cyst

    A cyst is a sac-like pocket of tissue that contains fluid, air, or other substances.

D

  • Diabetes

    Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects the body's ability to process blood sugar.

D

  • Diagnosis

    The identification of a disease or condition by its signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings.

D

  • Dialysis

    Dialysis is a treatment that removes waste and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys can't sufficiently.

E

  • Eczema

    Eczema is a skin condition that causes itchy, red, and dry skin due to inflammation.

E

  • Endoscopy

    Endoscopy is a non-surgical procedure to examine a person's digestive tract.

E

  • Epilepsy

    Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder marked by recurring seizures.

G

  • Gastroenterology

    Gastroenterology is a branch of medicine focusing on the digestive system and its disorders.

H

  • Heart Attack

    A heart attack is a medical emergency caused by blocked blood flow to the heart muscle.

H

  • Hematology

    Hematology is the branch of medicine concerning the study of blood, blood diseases, and their treatment.

H

  • Hypertension

    Hypertension is a long-term medical condition characterized by high blood pressure in the arteries.

I

  • Immunization

    Immunization is the process which strengthens the body's immune system against diseases.

I

  • Immunology

    Immunology is the study of the immune system and its reactions to pathogens.

I

  • Infection

    An invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, causing illness.

I

  • Inflammation

    Inflammation is the body's immune response to injury or infection causing redness, swelling and pain.

I

  • Insulin

    Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels.

K

  • Keloid

    A keloid is an overgrown scar that expands beyond the original injury site.

L

  • Leukemia

    Leukemia is a form of cancer that affects the body's blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and lymphatic system.

M

  • MRI

    MRI is a non-invasive imaging technology that uses magnetic fields to produce images of the body's internal structures.

M

  • Malignant

    Refers to a typically severe and progressively worsening disease, usually associated with cancer.

M

  • Mammogram

    A mammogram is a low-dose x-ray used to screen for breast cancer.

M

  • Metastasis

    Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from a primary site to different parts of the body.

N

  • Neurology

    Neurology is a medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system.

O

  • Oncology

    Oncology is the field of medicine dedicated to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.

O

  • Osteoporosis

    Osteoporosis is a medical condition where the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue.

P

  • Pathology

    The science of the causes and effects of diseases.

P

  • Pediatric

    Pediatric refers to the branch of medicine dealing with children's health.

P

  • Pharmacology

    Pharmacology is the study of the actions, effects and modes of action of drugs.

P

  • Pneumonia

    Pneumonia is a lung infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid.

P

  • Psychiatry

    Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to diagnosing, preventing, and treating mental illnesses.

R

  • Radiology

    Radiology is a branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat diseases.

R

  • Rheumatology

    Rheumatology is a sub-specialty in medicine focused on diseases of the joints, autoimmune conditions, and heritable connective tissue disorders.

S

  • Sepsis

    Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by the body's extreme response to an infection.

S

  • Stent

    A stent is a tiny tube placed into an artery or vein to keep it open, aiding the flow of body fluids.

S

  • Surgery

    Surgery is the branch of medicine that treats diseases or injuries by operative procedures.

T

  • Thyroid

    The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck that produces essential hormones for metabolism.

U

  • Ultrasound

    A medical imaging technique using high-frequency sound waves to visualize internal body structures.

V

  • Vaccine

    A biological preparation that helps improve immunity to a particular disease.

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