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A-Z of Legal Terms
Legal Terms Glossary

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legal terminology

Browse the A-Z glossary of legal terminology, complete with definitions, pronunciations and the meaning of each legal term broken down in layman's terms. Learn the terms, become a pro in conversation.
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A

  • Acquittal

    Acquittal is a legal term referring to a formal release from a criminal charge.

A

  • Ademption

    Ademption is a legal principle regarding the extinguishment of a gift in a will.

A

  • Advocate

    An advocate is a person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy.

A

  • Affidavit

    A written statement made under oath, typically used as evidence in court.

A

  • Affirm

    In legal terms, to "affirm" means to confirm the truth or validity of something.

A

  • Alimony

    Alimony is a legally obligated payment made by one spouse to another after divorce or separation.

A

  • Appeal

    The act of asking a higher court to reverse a lower court decision.

A

  • Arbitration

    Arbitration is a private, legally binding resolution of disputes outside of court.

A

  • Assault

    Assault is the intentional act of causing apprehension of harmful or offensive contact.

B

  • Bail

    Bail is a sum of money provided to the court as an assurance that the defendant will return for trial.

B

  • Battery

    In legal terms, battery is the intentional physical contact or harm inflicted on another individual without their consent.

B

  • Breach of Contract

    Failure to fulfill the obligations outlined in a legally binding agreement.

B

  • Burden of Proof

    The obligation to prove one's assertions in the court of law.

C

  • Case Law

    Case law refers to legal principles developed in court rulings, rather than statutes or constitutions.

C

  • Causation

    Causation is a legal principle indicating a cause and effect relationship between conduct and result.

C

  • Cause of Action

    A legal claim that allows someone to sue for a remedy.

C

  • Class Action

    Class Action is a lawsuit where one person or group represents the interests of many people.

C

  • Compensation

    Monetary award given to a person for loss, injury, or harm suffered as a result of another's actions.

C

  • Confession

    Confession is a formal admission or acknowledgement made in a legal setting, typically of guilt.

C

  • Contract

    A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties, enforceable by law.

C

  • Custody

    Custody refers to the legal right to care for and make decisions for another person, often a child.

D

  • Damages

    Damages are compensation, usually monetary, awarded by a court in a legal case.

D

  • Defamation

    A false spoken or written statement damaging a person's reputation.

D

  • Defendant

    A defendant is a person or entity accused in a court of law.

D

  • Discovery

    Discovery is a legal process where each party obtains evidence from the opposing party.

D

  • Dismissal

    Dismissal is a legal term that refers to the termination of a case.

D

  • Due Process

    The legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person.

E

  • Embezzlement

    Embezzlement is the illegal act of withholding assets for the purpose of conversion of such assets by one or more individuals.

E

  • Equity

    Equity in legal terms refers to fairness and justice applied in circumstances covered by law.

E

  • Evidence

    Evidence is any material or testimony used in a court to establish the facts of a case.

F

  • Felony

    A felony is a serious crime punishable by imprisonment for over a year or death.

I

  • Indictment

    A formal accusation that a person has committed a crime.

I

  • Injunction

    An injunction is a court order preventing an action or requiring an action to be taken.

J

  • Judgment

    A final decision made by a court, resolving a legal dispute.

J

  • Jurisdiction

    Jurisdiction refers to the legal authority to make rulings and judgments in specific geographical areas or matters.

J

  • Jury

    A group of people legally selected to judge a case in a court of law.

L

  • Liability

    Liability refers to legal responsibility for one's actions or decisions.

L

  • Litigation

    Litigation is the process of taking legal action or resolving disputes through the court system.

M

  • Mediation

    Mediation is a dispute resolution process involving a neutral third-party mediator.

M

  • Misdemeanor

    A misdemeanor is a minor wrongdoing or less serious criminal offense, typically punishable by fines, probation or short-term jail time.

N

  • Negligence

    The failure to act with the level of care that a reasonable person would in similar circumstances.

P

  • Parole

    Parole is the supervised release of a prisoner before the completion of their sentence.

P

  • Plaintiff

    A plaintiff is the person who brings a lawsuit to court.

P

  • Plea Bargain

    A plea bargain is a negotiated agreement between a prosecutor and a defendant in a criminal case.

P

  • Pro Bono

    Pro bono refers to professional legal services offered free of charge.

P

  • Probate

    Legal process to transfer assets upon a person's death.

P

  • Prosecution

    The process of charging someone with a crime and taking them to court.

R

  • Reasonable Doubt

    A standard of proof that must be surpassed to convict an accused in a criminal proceeding.

S

  • Sentence

    A legal punishment decided by court for someone convicted of a crime.

S

  • Settlement

    A resolution between disputing parties about a legal case, reached before or after court action begins.

S

  • Statute

    A statute is a formal written law enacted by a legislative authority.

S

  • Subpoena

    A legal document requiring someone to attend court or supply documents as evidence.

T

  • Testimony

    Testimony is a formal statement or declaration made under oath for use as evidence in a court case.

T

  • Tort

    Tort is a legal term for a wrongful act that leads to civil legal liability.

T

  • Trust

    A legal arrangement where one person holds property on behalf of another.

V

  • Verdict

    A verdict is a decision on a disputed issue in a civil or criminal case, often reached by a jury.

W

  • Witness

    A witness is a person who gives first-hand testimony in a legal proceeding.

W

  • Writ

    A written legal order issued by a court or other legal authority.

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